@article{AHAMED2025116392,

title = {Elliptical Electrode Designs in Quartz Crystal Microbalances: Enhancing Sensitivity in Liquid Biosensing Applications},

author = {Afri Ahamed and Chien Wei Ooi and Hui Jean Lim and N. Ramakrishnan and Tridib Saha},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424725001980},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2025.116392},

issn = {0924-4247},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-03},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},

pages = {116392},

abstract = {The demand for highly sensitive and versatile sensors is rapidly growing in biomedical applications, where specific, sensitive, and rapid detection are essential. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a popular analytical tool for such applications due to its high sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, conventional QCM-based biosensing assays often suffer from poor sensitivity and high sample consumption, limiting their practicality. This study introduces a modified electrode design and a single droplet-based assay to enhance QCM-based bio-detection. Through extensive experiments, including contact angle analysis, damping, and viscosity measurements, we identified an optimal elliptical electrode design for single droplet-based liquid sensing. Using QCM crystals coated with molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPDA) sensing films containing recognition sites for detecting pepsin as a model protein, we demonstrate that QCM crystals with elliptical electrodes exhibit up to 10 times higher sensitivity than the industry-standard 1-inch circular QCM crystal. Additionally, the optimized QCM crystals showed linear sensitivity over a wider volume range, providing consistent detection at 250Hz/μl compared to the circular crystal's narrower range at 50Hz/μl. These findings establish a foundation for next-generation QCM platforms with superior sensitivity, reduced sample requirements, and broader adaptability, paving the way for advancements in biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.},

keywords = {Deionised Water (DI Water), Elliptical Electrodes, Liquid Droplet Detection, openQCM Q-1, Protein Sensing, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{BARRIAS2025111036,

title = {Newly developed QCM-DNA biosensor for SNP detection in small DNA fragments: A wine authenticity case study},

author = {Sara Barrias and José R. Fernandes and Paula Martins-Lopes},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713524007539},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.111036},

issn = {0956-7135},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-03-01},

urldate = {2025-03-01},

journal = {Food Control},

volume = {169},

pages = {111036},

abstract = {We propose a QCM-DNA biosensor for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection in samples of differing complexity. An optimized protocol is presented, focusing on parameters affecting probe immobilization and hybridization efficiency. Our results led to the implementation of thiolated probe reduction with TCEP, followed by immobilization in PBS buffer containing MgCl2. The biosensor exhibited an enhanced specificity at 37 °C, achieving detection of single mismatches using synthetic targets. Using real samples, we applied the biosensor in a wine authenticity assessment context. The addition of dithiothreitol improved stability and reproducibility when testing wine DNA samples. The QCM-DNA biosensor was able to specifically detect complementary DNA in leaf and wine DNA samples, distinguishing between samples with two heterozygous mismatches. The biosensor solely depends on DNA extraction, basic instrumentation, and reagents, without requiring PCR or signal amplification strategies. Our findings show the biosensor potential for applications in wine authenticity assessment and other fields requiring complex analysis in undemanding settings.},

keywords = {Aptamer, DNA, Grapevine, Microbalance, openQCM Q-1, Piezoelectric, QCM-D, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, SNP, Wine},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04474,

title = {Quartz Crystal Microbalance Coated with a Polyvinylpyrrolidone Microfiber Active Layer as a High-Performance Acetic Acid Gas Sensor},

author = {Laila Katriani and Rizky Aflaha and Chlara Naren Maharani and Fauzi Naafi’ah Salsabila and Ahmad Hasan As’ari and Aditya Rianjanu and Pekik Nurwantoro and Roto Roto and Kuwat Triyana},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04474},

doi = {10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c04474},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-02-10},

journal = {Langmuir},

volume = {0},

number = {0},

pages = {null},

abstract = {Acetic acid is among the most common and damaging airborne contaminants. Exposure to acetic acid gas can irritate the nose and throat, which may harm human health. In light of the increasing use of acetic acid in industry, there is a critical need for an acetic acid detection device that can operate in real time with excellent performance. This study developed an acetic acid gas sensor using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) deposited with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) microfiber by a well-recognized electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed to observe the morphology and chemical composition of the fabricated microfibers. The obtained sensor has a high sensitivity of (4.144 ± 0.039) Hz·ppm–1 with a low detection limit and rapid response and recovery times of 75 and 66 s, respectively. In addition, the fabricated sensor also exhibits good performance as well as repeatability and long-term stability. Selectivity tests were also conducted for various analytes and exhibited excellent selectivity toward acetic acid. These advancements demonstrate that the PVP microfiber active layers not only address the challenges of detection by enhancing sensitivity but also provide unique mechanism selectivity for acetic acid molecules. However, advanced future research must still be conducted to improve the sensor reversibility, making the sensor more suitable for applications in a real environment.},

note = {PMID: 39928838},

keywords = {Deposition, layers, Molecules, openQCM Q-1, organic acids, QCM-D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Obořilová2025,

title = {Piezoelectric biosensor with dissipation monitoring enables the analysis of bacterial lytic agent activity},

author = {Radka Obořilová and Eliška Kučerová and Tibor Botka and Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová and Petr Skládal and Zdeněk Farka},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-85064-x},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-85064-x},

issn = {2045-2322},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-27},

urldate = {2025-01-27},

journal = {Nature - Scientific Reports},

volume = {15},

number = {1},

pages = {3419},

abstract = {Antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus pose a significant threat in healthcare, demanding urgent therapeutic solutions. Combining bacteriophages with conventional antibiotics, an innovative approach termed phage-antibiotic synergy, presents a promising treatment avenue. However, to enable new treatment strategies, there is a pressing need for methods to assess their efficacy reliably and rapidly. Here, we introduce a novel approach for real-time monitoring of pathogen lysis dynamics employing the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with dissipation (QCM-D) technique. The sensor, a QCM chip modified with the bacterium S. aureus RN4220 ΔtarM, was utilized to monitor the activity of the enzyme lysostaphin and the phage P68 as model lytic agents. Unlike conventional QCM solely measuring resonance frequency changes, our study demonstrates that dissipation monitoring enables differentiation of bacterial growth and lysis caused by cell-attached lytic agents. Compared to reference turbidimetry measurements, our results reveal distinct alterations in the growth curve of the bacteria adhered to the sensor, characterized by a delayed lag phase. Furthermore, the dissipation signal analysis facilitated the precise real-time monitoring of phage-mediated lysis. Finally, the QCM-D biosensor was employed to evaluate the synergistic effect of subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic amoxicillin with the bacteriophage P68, enabling monitoring of the lysis of P68-resistant wild-type strain S. aureus RN4220. Our findings suggest that this synergy also impedes the formation of bacterial aggregates, the precursors of biofilm formation. Overall, this method brings new insights into phage-antibiotic synergy, underpinning it as a promising strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains with broad implications for treatment and prevention.},

keywords = {Antimicrobial treatment, Bacteriophages, biosensors, Multidrug-resistant bacteria, openQCM Q-1, Phage therapy, Phage-antibiotic synergy, Piezoelectric biosensor, QCM, QCM-D, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Staphylococcus aureus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ahamed5094062elliptical,

title = {Elliptical Electrode Designs in Quartz Crystal Microbalances: Enhancing Sensitivity in Liquid Biosensing Applications},

author = {Afri Ahamed and Chien Wei Ooi and Hui Jean Lim and N Ramakrishnan and Tridib Saha},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5094062},

doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5094062},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-11},

urldate = {2025-01-11},

journal = {Available at SSRN 5094062},

abstract = {The demand for highly sensitive and versatile sensors is rapidly growing in biomedical applications, where specific, sensitive, and rapid detection are essential. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a popular analytical tool for such applications due to its high sensitivity and real-time monitoring capabilities. However, conventional QCM-based biosensing assays often suffer from poor sensitivity and high sample consumption, limiting their practicality. This study introduces a modified electrode design and a single droplet-based assay to enhance QCM-based bio-detection. Through extensive experiments, including contact angle analysis, damping, and viscosity measurements, we identified an optimal elliptical electrode design for single droplet-based liquid sensing. Using QCM crystals coated with molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPDA) sensing films containing recognition sites for detecting pepsin as a model protein, we demonstrate that QCM crystals with elliptical electrodes exhibit up to 10 times higher sensitivity than the industry-standard 1-inch circular QCM crystal. Additionally, the optimized QCM crystals showed linear sensitivity over a wider volume range, providing consistent detection at 250 Hz/μl compared to the circular crystal's narrower range at 50 Hz/μl. These findings establish a foundation for next-generation QCM platforms with superior sensitivity, reduced sample requirements, and broader adaptability, paving the way for advancements in biomedical diagnostics and environmental monitoring.},

keywords = {Deionised Water, DI Water, Elliptical Electrodes, Liquid Droplet Detection, openQCM Q-1, Protein Sensing, QCM, Quartz Crystal Microbalance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202409248,

title = {Long-Range Proton Channels Constructed via Hierarchical Peptide Self-Assembly},

author = {Semion Censor and Jorge Vega Martin and Ohad Silberbush and Samala Murali Mohan Reddy and Ran Zalk and Lonia Friedlander and Daniel G. Trabada and Jesús Mendieta and Guillaume Le Saux and Jesús Ignacio Mendieta Moreno and Linda Angela Zotti and José Ortega Mateo and Nurit Ashkenasy},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/adma.202409248},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202409248},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-12},

journal = {Advanced Materials},

volume = {n/a},

number = {n/a},

pages = {2409248},

abstract = {Abstract The quest to understand and mimic proton translocation mechanisms in natural channels has driven the development of peptide-based artificial channels facilitating efficient proton transport across nanometric membranes. It is demonstrated here that hierarchical peptide self-assembly can form micrometers-long proton nanochannels. The fourfold symmetrical peptide design leverages intermolecular aromatic interactions to align self-assembled cyclic peptide nanotubes, creating hydrophilic nanochannels between them. Titratable amino acid sidechains are positioned adjacent to each other within the channels, enabling the formation of hydrogen-bonded chains upon hydration, and facilitating efficient proton transport. Moreover, these chains are enriched with protons and water molecules by interacting with immobile counter ions introduced into the channels, increasing proton flow density and rate. This system maintains proton transfer rates closely resembling those in natural protein channels over micrometer distances. The functional behavior of these inherently recyclable and biocompatible systems opens the door for their exploitation in diverse applications in energy storage and conversion, biomedicine, and bioelectronics.},

keywords = {Dissipation, molecular dynamic simulations, openQCM Q-1, peptides, proton channels, proton transport, QCM-D, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, self-assembly},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{FORINOVA2024110695b,

title = {A reusable QCM biosensor with stable antifouling nano-coating for on-site reagent-free rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 in food products},

author = {Michala Forinová and Alina Pilipenco and N. Scott Lynn and Radka Obořilová and Hana Šimečková and Markéta Vrabcová and Monika Spasovová and Rachael Jack and Petr Horák and Milan Houska and Petr Skládal and Petr Šedivák and Zdeněk Farka and Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713524004122},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110695},

issn = {0956-7135},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-01},

urldate = {2024-11-15},

journal = {Food Control},

volume = {165},

pages = {110695},

abstract = {Numerous biosensors have shown exceptional analytical performance under laboratory conditions, yet only a few are capable of on-site use with complex, non-model samples while exhibiting reliable analytical performance. Here, we present a new portable biosensor for the rapid (30 min) and accurate detection of bacterial agents in “real-world” food samples, which are originally in either solid or liquid form. The biosensor combines well-established quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology, with innovative terpolymer brush nano-coatings on the sensing surface to efficiently reduce non-specific fouling from food samples. Following reagent-free sample preparation, where solid food samples are homogenized, we validated the sensor's detection capabilities on native pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) in hamburgers, Czech dumplings, and milk. We achieved limits of detection (LOD), as low as 7.5 × 102 CFU/mL in milk, a value approaching fundamental QCM limits, using a simple direct detection assay format. The biosensor's exceptional reusability was demonstrated through 60 sequential hamburger sample injections, resulting in only a minor LOD shift toward the end of series. A 10-min sonication treatment during sample preparation significantly enhanced sensitivity for E. coli O157:H7 in hamburgers and dumplings, yielding LODs as low as 3.1 × 10³ CFU/mL and 2.6 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, respectively. For on-site analysis, we integrated the nano-coated sensing chip into a custom-built four-channel portable QCM biosensor with an optimized microfluidic system, which can be produced on a scale suitable for practical deployment.},

keywords = {Antifouling coating, O157:H7 detection, On-site analysis, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM biosensor, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Reusability},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{FORINOVA2024110695,

title = {A reusable QCM biosensor with stable antifouling nano-coating for on-site reagent-free rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 in food products},

author = {Michala Forinová and Alina Pilipenco and N. Scott Lynn and Radka Obořilová and Hana Šimečková and Markéta Vrabcová and Monika Spasovová and Rachael Jack and Petr Horák and Milan Houska and Petr Skládal and Petr Šedivák and Zdeněk Farka and Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956713524004122},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110695},

issn = {0956-7135},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-01},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Food Control},

pages = {110695},

abstract = {Numerous biosensors have shown exceptional analytical performance under laboratory conditions, yet only a few are capable of on-site use with complex, non-model samples while exhibiting reliable analytical performance. Here, we present a new portable biosensor for the rapid (30 min) and accurate detection of bacterial agents in "real-world" food samples, which are originally in either solid or liquid form. The biosensor combines well-established quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technology, with innovative terpolymer brush nano-coatings on the sensing surface to efficiently reduce non-specific fouling from food samples. Following reagent-free sample preparation, where solid food samples are homogenized, we validated the sensor's detection capabilities on native pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) in hamburgers, Czech dumplings, and milk. We achieved limits of detection (LOD), as low as 7.5 × 102 CFU/mL in milk, a value approaching fundamental QCM limits, using a simple direct detection assay format. The biosensor's exceptional reusability was demonstrated through 60 sequential hamburger sample injections, resulting in only a minor LOD shift toward the end of the series. A 10-minute sonication treatment during sample preparation significantly enhanced sensitivity for E. coli O157:H7 in hamburgers and dumplings, yielding LODs as low as 3.1 × 10³ CFU/mL and 2.6 × 10⁴ CFU/mL, respectively. For on-site analysis, we integrated the nano-coated sensing chip into a custom-built four-channel portable QCM biosensor with an optimized microfluidic system, which can be produced on a scale suitable for practical deployment.},

keywords = {Antifouling coating, O157:H7 detection, On-site analysis, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM biosensor, Reusability},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{juste2024real,

title = {Real-world evaluation of a QCM-based biosensor for exhaled air},

author = {Augusto Juste-Dolz and William Teixeira and Yeray Pallás-Tamarit and Mario Carballido-Fernández and Javier Carrascosa and Ángela Morán-Porcar and Mar'ia Ángeles Redón-Badenas and Mar'ia Gracia Pla-Roses and Mar'ia Dolores Tirado-Balaguer and Mar'ia José Remolar-Quintana and others},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-024-05407-5},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-024-05407-5},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-26},

urldate = {2024-06-26},

journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},

pages = {1--15},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The biosensor, named “virusmeter” in this study, integrates quartz crystal microbalance technology with an immune-functionalized chip to distinguish between symptomatic patients with respiratory diseases and healthy individuals by analyzing exhaled air samples. Renowned for its compact design, rapidity, and noninvasive nature, this device yields results within a 5-min timeframe. Evaluated under controlled conditions with 54 hospitalized symptomatic COVID-19 patients and 128 control subjects, the biosensor demonstrated good overall sensitivity (98.15%, 95% CI 90.1–100.0) and specificity (96.87%, 95% CI 92.2–99.1). This proof-of-concept presents an innovative approach with significant potential for leveraging piezoelectric sensors to diagnose respiratory diseases.},

keywords = {COVID-19, openQCM Q-1, QCM-D, respiratory diseases, virusmeter},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{javadzadehkalkhoran2024preparation,

title = {Preparation and Characterization of Affordable Experimental Setup for Particulate Matter Sensing},

author = {Majid Javadzadehkalkhoran and Levent Trabzon},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11220-024-00479-0},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11220-024-00479-0},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-20},

urldate = {2024-05-20},

journal = {Sensing and Imaging},

volume = {25},

number = {1},

pages = {29},

publisher = {Springer},

abstract = {The interest in particulate matter (PM) sensors has significantly increased over the last decade. It is crucial to have a proper experimental setup to test these sensors. However, most devices used in PM test setups, both for generating and measuring PM, are bulky and expensive. This study aims to solve this issue by designing a cost-effective experimental setup. The setup includes a custom-made PM generator, small-sized laser and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. The PM generator can produce PM from three different sources: dry powder, liquid suspension, and combustion. The QCM is used to overcome the limitations of laser sensors for sensing ultra-fine particles. Moreover, the performance of the QCM sensor has been investigated with various PM sources and ambient conditions. The study reveals that the QCM response can be influenced by the PM source and ambient conditions. Changes in PM composition and size significantly impact the QCM response. Additionally, relative humidity (RH) can alter the sensor response by up to 22%. While the temperature change in the flow has an insignificant effect on the bare QCM response, increasing the temperature from 25 °C to 30 °C results in a 12% change in the QCM response for the grease-coated sensor. Notably, the QCM sensor demonstrates the best response with small-sized smoke PMs, with the least impact from ambient conditions. The laser sensors work very well with large particles; however, they struggle with small-sized smoke PMs.},

keywords = {air quality, openQCM Q-1, Particulate matter, PM, PM generator, QCM, Quartz Crystal Microbalance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{KUNCAK2024115501,

title = {Automating data classification for label-free point-of-care biosensing in real complex samples},

author = {Jakub Kunčák and Michala Forinová and Alina Pilipenco and Viktor Procházka and Petr Horák and Sofya Dmitrievna Sycheva and Ivan Gennadievich Deyneka and Hana Vaisocherová-Lísalová},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424724004953},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2024.115501},

issn = {0924-4247},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-05-19},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Sensors and Actuators A: Physical},

pages = {115501},

abstract = {Surface-based affinity biosensors present a promising avenue for point-of-care (POC) pathogen detection in real-world samples. While laboratory-based devices commonly employ various techniques to mitigate noise, signal drifts, fluidic artifacts, and other system imperfections, their simple cost-effective POC counterparts designed for field use frequently lack such capabilities. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a procedure for automatically classifying pathogen presence in unprocessed liquids from direct detection data measured by a simple POC quartz crystal microbalance sensor device. The procedure integrates classical analytical tools such as filtering, data selection, baseline de-drifting, and result calculation in tailored successive steps, considering the nature of the sensor signal and the challenges posed by real-world media. We show that the developed procedure exhibits exceptional robustness across different biosensing assays and complex real-world media. Through optimizing parameters using diverse datasets encompassing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) and SARS-CoV-2 detection in various media including food-derived matrices and cell culture media, we achieved rates of successful detection as high as 80.8% and 90.9% for E. coli and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, without extensive machine learning. Furthermore, we analyse the sensitivity of the procedure to variations of input parameters and with examples discuss key factors influencing overall procedure accuracy. Our results suggest that this exceptionally robust method holds potential as a straightforward tool for automating sample classification in point-of-care diagnostics, underpinning its promising broader applicability.},

keywords = {. O157:H7, automatic data classification, Detection of pathogens, openQCM Q-1, Point-of-care biosensors, QCM-D, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, SARS-CoV-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{kunvcak2024automating,

title = {Automating Data Analysis for Point-of-Care Label-Free Surface-Based Affinity Biosensors Dealing with Complex Biological Samples: Escherichia Coli O157: H7 and Sars-Cov-2 Case Studies},

author = {Jakub Kunčák and Michala Forinová and Alina Pilipenco and Viktor Procházka and Petr Horák and Sycheva Sofya Dmitrievna and Ivan Gennadievich Deyneka and Hana Vaisocherová-L'isalová},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4756321},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-20},

urldate = {2024-03-20},

journal = {Available at SSRN 4756321},

abstract = {Surface-based affinity biosensors offer a promising avenue for point-of-care (POC) detection of pathogens in real-world samples. While laboratory-based devices commonly employ various techniques to compensate for noise, signal drifts, fluidic artifacts, and other system imperfections, their POC counterparts aiming at providing simple cost-effective detection platforms for field use, often lack these qualities. This paper addresses this gap by introducing a procedure for automatic classification of pathogen presence in unprocessed liquids from direct detection data measured by a simple POC-relevant quartz crystal microbalance sensor device.  By considering the nature of the sensor signal and the sources of its imperfections in real-world media, a straightforward procedure integrates “classical” analytical tools (filtering, data selection, baseline de-drifting, and result calculation) in successive steps to automate sample classification without the need for extensive machine learning. Through optimizing parameters using diverse datasets encompassing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) and SARS-CoV-2 detection in various media including food-derived matrices and cell culture media, we achieved rates of successful detection as high as 80.8% and 90.9% for E. coli and SARS-CoV-2, respectively. Furthermore, we analyse the sensitivity of the routine to variations of input parameters and with examples discuss the key factors influencing the accuracy of the overall procedure. The results show that the developed method exhibits exceptional robustness across different biosensing assays and complex real-world media, highlighting its promising broader applicability in point-of-care diagnostics.},

keywords = {automatic data classification, Detection of pathogens, E. coli O157:H7, openQCM, openQCM Q-1, Point-of-care biosensors, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, SARS-CoV-2},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{sehit2024computationally,

title = {Computationally Designed Epitope-Mediated Imprinted Polymers versus Conventional Epitope Imprints for the Detection of Human Adenovirus in Water and Human Serum Samples},

author = {Ekin Sehit and Guiyang Yao and Giovanni Battocchio and Rahil Radfar and Jakob Trimpert and Maria A Mroginski and Roderich Süssmuth and Zeynep Altintas},

url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acssensors.3c02374},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.3c02374},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-03-15},

urldate = {2024-03-15},

journal = {ACS sensors},

publisher = {ACS Publications},

abstract = {Detection of pathogenic viruses for point-of-care applications has attracted great attention since the COVID-19 pandemic. Current virus diagnostic tools are laborious and expensive, while requiring medically trained staff. Although user-friendly and cost-effective biosensors are utilized for virus detection, many of them rely on recognition elements that suffer major drawbacks. Herein, computationally designed epitope-imprinted polymers (eIPs) are conjugated with a portable piezoelectric sensing platform to establish a sensitive and robust biosensor for the human pathogenic adenovirus (HAdV). The template epitope is selected from the knob part of the HAdV capsid, ensuring surface accessibility. Computational simulations are performed to evaluate the conformational stability of the selected epitope. Further, molecular dynamics simulations are executed to investigate the interactions between the epitope and the different functional monomers for the smart design of eIPs. The HAdV epitope is imprinted via the solid-phase synthesis method to produce eIPs using in silico-selected ingredients. The synthetic receptors show a remarkable detection sensitivity (LOD: 102 pfu mL–1) and affinity (dissociation constant (Kd): 6.48 × 10–12 M) for HAdV. Moreover, the computational eIPs lead to around twofold improved binding behavior than the eIPs synthesized with a well-established conventional recipe. The proposed computational strategy holds enormous potential for the intelligent design of ultrasensitive imprinted polymer binders.},

keywords = {Antigens, Drinking water, epitope imprinting, in silico-designed epitope-mediated adenovirus receptors, molecular dynamics, Monomers, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM sensor, Receptors, sensors, virus detection},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{okur2024optimized,

title = {Optimized Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds Utilizing Durable and Selective Arrays of Tailored UiO-66-X SURMOF Sensors},

author = {Salih Okur and Tawheed Hashem and Evgenia Bogdanova and Patrick Hodapp and Lars Heinke and Stefan Bräse and Christof Wöll},

url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acssensors.3c01575},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.3c01575},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-02-06},

urldate = {2024-01-01},

journal = {ACS sensors},

publisher = {ACS Publications},

abstract = {Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their well-defined and highly flexible nanoporous architectures, provide a material platform ideal for fabricating sensors. We demonstrate that the efficacy and specificity of detecting and differentiating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be significantly enhanced using a range of slightly varied MOFs. These variations are obtained via postsynthetic modification (PSM) of a primary framework. We alter the original MOF’s guest adsorption affinities by incorporating functional groups into the MOF linkers, which yields subtle changes in responses. These responses are subsequently evaluated by using machine learning (ML) techniques. Under severe conditions, such as high humidity and acidic environments, sensor stability and lifespan are of utmost importance. The UiO-66-X MOFs demonstrate the necessary durability in acidic, neutral, and basic environments with pH values ranging from 2 to 11, thus surpassing most other similar materials. The UiO-66-NH2 thin films were deposited on quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors in a high-temperature QCM liquid cell using a layer-by-layer pump method. Three different, highly stable surface-anchored MOFs (SURMOFs) of UiO-66-X obtained via the PSM approach (X: NH2, Cl, and N3) were employed to fabricate arrays suitable for electronic nose applications. These fabricated sensors were tested for their capability to distinguish between eight VOCs. Data from the sensor array were processed using three distinct ML techniques: linear discriminant (LDA), nearest neighbor (k-NN), and neural network analysis methods. The discrimination accuracies achieved were nearly 100% at high concentrations and over 95% at lower concentrations (50–100 ppm).},

keywords = {Adsorption, Liquids, Metal organic frameworks, openQCM Q-1, QCM-D, sensors, Volatile organic compounds},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{millan2023degradation,

title = {Degradation kinetics of medium chain length Polyhydroxyalkanoate degrading enzyme: a quartz crystal microbalance study},

author = {Fabien Millan and Nils Hanik},

url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/bioengineering-and-biotechnology/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303267/full},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303267},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-14},

urldate = {2023-12-14},

journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology},

volume = {11},

pages = {1303267},

publisher = {Frontiers Media SA},

abstract = {This study investigates the enzymatic degradation processes of different classes of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), a group of biopolymers naturally synthesized by various microorganisms. Medium chain length PHAs (mcl-PHAs) are distinguished biopolymers due to their biodegradability and diverse material properties. Using quartz crystal microbalance measurements as a valuable tool for accurate real-time monitoring of the enzymatic degradation process, the research provides detailed kinetic data, describing the interaction between enzymes and substrates during the enzymatic degradation process. Thin films of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxyoctanoate copolymer (PHO), containing molar fractions of about 84% 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 16% 3-hydroxyhexanoate, were exposed to scl-depolymerases from Pseudomonas lemoignei LMG 2207 and recombinant mcl-depolymerase produced in Escherichia coli DH5α harboring the plasmid pMAD8, respectively. Analyses based on a heterogeneous kinetic model for the polymer degradation indicated a six-fold stronger adsorption equilibrium constant of mcl-depolymerase to PHO. Conversely, the degradation rate constant was approximately twice as high for scl-depolymerases acting on PHB. Finally, the study highlights the differences in enzyme-substrate interactions and degradation mechanisms between the investigated scl- and mcl-PHAs.},

keywords = {biodegradable polymers, degradation kinetics, depolymerase enzymes, enzymatic degradation, openQCM, openQCM Q-1, polyhydroxyalkanoates, Python, Quartz Crystal Microbalance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{javadzadehkalkhoran2023preparation,

title = {Preparation and Characterization of Affordable Experimental Sensors Array for Particulate Matter Sensing},

author = {Majid Javadzadehkalkhoran and Levent Trabzon},

url = {https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-3654975/v1},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3654975/v1},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-12-06},

urldate = {2023-12-06},

abstract = {Interest for particulate matter (PM) sensors has increased significantly during last decade. Having a proper experimental setup to test these sensors is necessary. Most of the devices that are used in the PM test setups for both PM generating and measuring are bulky and expensive. In this study a cost-effective experimental setup has been designed with a custom made PM generator and small size laser and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. The generator has the capability of producing PM from three different sources: dry powder, liquid suspension and combustion. The QCM completes the weakness of small laser sensors for sensing the ultra-fine particles. Moreover, performance of the QCM sensor has been investigated with different PM sources and different ambient conditions. It has been found that the response of QCM could be affected from PM source and ambient condition. The change in PM composition and size causes notable impact on QCM response. Relative humidity (RH) also could change the sensor response up to 22%. While changing the temperature of the flow has not significant effect on QCM response, increasing the temperature from 25°C to 30°C caused 12% change in QCM response in grease-coated one. The QCM sensor has the best response with small size smoke PM’s with lowest effect from ambient conditions.},

keywords = {openQCM, openQCM Q-1, Particulate matter, PM generator, PM test setup, QCM, QCM sensor, Sensor array},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{forinova2023comparative,

title = {A Comparative Assessment of a Piezoelectric Biosensor Based on a New Antifouling Nanolayer and Cultivation Methods: Enhancing S. aureus Detection in Fresh Dairy Products},

author = {Michala Forinová and Anna Seidlová and Alina Pilipenco and N Scott Lynn Jr and Radka Obořilová and Zdeněk Farka and Petr Skládal and Alena Saláková and Monika Spasovová and Milan Houska and others},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590262823000485},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbiot.2023.100166},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-23},

urldate = {2023-11-23},

journal = {Current Research in Biotechnology},

pages = {100166},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Ensuring dairy product safety demands rapid and precise Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) detection. Biosensors show promise, but their performance is often demonstrated in model samples using non-native pathogens and has never been studied towards S. aureus detection in naturally contaminated samples. This study addresses the gap by directly comparing results taken with a novel piezoelectric biosensor, capable of one-step detection, with four conventional cultivation-based methods. Our findings reveal that this biosensor, based on an antifouling nanolayer-coated biochip, exhibits exceptional resistance to biofouling from unprocessed dairy products and is further capable of specific S. aureus detection. Notably, it performed comparably to Petrifilm and Baird-Parker methods but delivered results in only 30 min, bringing a substantial reduction from the 24 h required by cultivation-based techniques. Our study also highlights differences in the performance of cultivation methods when analyzing artificially spiked versus naturally contaminated foods. These findings underline the potential of antifouling biosensors as efficient reliable tools for rapid, cost-effective, point-of-care testing, enhancing fresh dairy product safety and S. aureus detection.},

keywords = {Antifouling coating, biosensors, Cultivation-based methods, openQCM Q-1, QCM-D, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, S. aureus},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{armutcu2023selective,

title = {Selective Aptasensor for Trinitrotoluene Detection: Comparison of the Detecting Performances from Liquid and Vapor Phases},

author = {Canan Armutcu and Tunca Karasu and Sena Pişkin and Erdoğan Özgür and Lokman Uzun},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0927775723013420},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132258},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-11-05},

urldate = {2023-11-05},

journal = {Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects},

pages = {132258},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {In general, chromatographic and sensor analyses have been utilized for explosive detection. The main interest on those systems is to develop a method to selectively detect explosives at a single step as well as from vapor phase if possible. Moreover, on-site and real-time detection with portable systems is another challenge for the researchers. On the other hand, the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor at the crime scene, preferably before the explosion is highly demanded in order to prevent the negative effects of terrorism and to ensure the safety of the civilian population. In this study, initially, Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor was prepared for real-time monitoring of TNT in aqueous solution, through the attachment of TNT peptide aptamer on the gold surface of QCM sensor. Secondly, after providing optimum conditions, TNT detection was investigated even from vapor phase through the QCM aptasensor. According to results, the selectivity coefficient of QCM-based aptasensor was calculated as 6.78 for TNT in respect to DNT whereas that was calculated as 9.02 for TNT in respect to TNB. In addition, the evaluation of the reusability and storage stability emphasized that the sensor could be used repeatedly without significant reduction in dissipation (∆D) values. The linearity coefficient (R2) was found to be 0.9965. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were determined as 0.0238 and 0.0739 nM, respectively. The studies demonstrated that the portable QCM sensor decorated with the aptamer selective for TNT molecules could be classified as a promising alternative, selective, cost-friendly, easy-to-prepare, ready-to-use, and applicable for on-site and real-time explosive measurements (even from vapor phase).},

key = {openQCM Q-1, QCM-D, openQCM sensors,  explosive detection, TNT,  aptasensor},

keywords = {aptasensor, explosive detection, openQCM Q-1, openQCM sensors, QCM-D, TNT},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{neville2023interactions,

title = {Interactions of Choline and Geranate (CAGE) and Choline Octanoate (CAOT) Deep Eutectic Solvents with Lipid Bilayers},

author = {George M Neville and Ana-Maria Dobre and Gavin J Smith and Samantha Micciulla and Nick J Brooks and Thomas Arnold and Tom Welton and Karen J Edler},

url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/adfm.202306644},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202306644},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-02},

urldate = {2023-10-02},

journal = {Advanced Functional Materials},

pages = {2306644},

publisher = {Wiley Online Library},

abstract = {Aerosols and films are found in indoor and outdoor environments. How they interact with pollutants, such as ozone, has a direct impact on our environment via cloud droplet formation and the chemical persistence of toxic aerosol constituents. The chemical reactivity of aerosol emissions is typically measured spectroscopically or by techniques such as mass spectrometry, directly monitoring the amount of material during a chemical reaction. We present a study which indirectly measures oxidation kinetics in a common cooking aerosol proxy using a low-cost quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). We validated this approach by comparison with kinetics measured both spectroscopically and with high-intensity synchrotron radiation. Using microscopy, we found that the film morphology changed and film rigidity increased during oxidation. There was evidence of surface crust formation on oxidised particles, though this was not consistent for all experiments. Crucially, our kinetic modelling of these experimental data confirmed that the oleic acid decay rate is in line with previous literature determinations, which demonstrates that performing such experiments on a QCM-D does not alter the underlying mechanism. There is clear potential to take this robust and low-cost but sensitive method to the field for in situ monitoring of reactions outdoors and indoors.},

key = {Choline, Choline Octanoate, geranic acid, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM-D},

keywords = {Choline, Choline Octanoate, geranic acid, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM-D},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{neville2023dataset,

title = {Dataset for},

author = {George Neville and Ana-Maria Dobre and Gavin Smith and Samantha Micciulla and Nick Brooks and Thomas Arnold and Tom Welton and Karen Edler},

url = {https://researchdata.bath.ac.uk/1289/},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.15125/BATH-01289},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-10-02},

urldate = {2023-10-02},

publisher = {University of Bath},

abstract = {Deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ionic liquids (ILs) are often amphiphilic and interact with phospholipid membranes. Mixtures between choline and gernanic acid, coined 'CAGE', have been found to facilitate the transdermal delivery of larger pharmaceuticals, such as insulin. However, little is known about its mechanism of activity. The purpose for obtaining this data was to characterise aqueous suspensions of choline and germanic acid (CAGE) and choline and octanoic acid (CAOT) and compare their interactions with solid-supported lipid bilayers and vesicle layers. Particularly, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurements were used alongside neutron reflectivity (NR) to evaluate any structure-function relationships contributing to the DES behaviour, aiming towards the rational design of neoteric solvents for transdermal delivery.},

keywords = {deep eutectic solvents, ionic liquids, lipid bilayers, neutron reflectivity, neutron scattering, openQCM Q-1, QCM, transdermal delivery},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{wang2023determination,

title = {Determination of electric and thermoelectric properties of molecular junctions by AFM in peak force tapping mode},

author = {Xinati Wang and Angelo Lamantia and Michael Jay and Hatef Sadeghi and Colin J Lambert and Oleg V Kolosov and Benjamin Robinson},

url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/acdf67/meta},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/acdf67},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-06-19},

urldate = {2023-06-19},

journal = {Nanotechnology},

abstract = {Molecular thin films, such as self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), offer the possibility of translating the optimised thermophysical and electrical properties of high-Seebeck-coefficient single molecules to scalable device architectures. However, for many scanning probe-based approaches attempting to characterise such SAMs, there remains a significant challenge in recovering single-molecule equivalent values from large-area films due to the intrinsic uncertainty of the probe-sample contact area coupled with film damage caused by contact forces. Here we report a new reproducible non-destructive method for probing the electrical and thermoelectric properties of small assemblies (10 – 103) of thiol-terminated molecules arranged within a SAM on a gold surface, and demonstrate the successful and reproducible measurements of the equivalent single-molecule electrical conductivity and Seebeck values. We have used a modified thermal-electric force microscopy (TEFM) approach, which integrates the conductive-probe atomic force microscope, a sample positioned on a temperature-controlled heater, and a probe-sample peak-force feedback that interactively limits the normal force across the molecular junctions. The experimental results are interpreted by density functional theory calculations allowing quantification the electrical quantum transport properties of both single molecules and small clusters of molecules. Significantly, this approach effectively eliminates lateral forces between probe and sample, minimising disruption to the SAM while enabling simultaneous mapping of the SAMs nanomechanical properties, as well as electrical and/or thermoelectric response, thereby allowing correlation of the film properties.},

keywords = {Functional Theory (DFT) Calculations, Molecular Thin Films, openQCM, openQCM Q-1, QCM, QCM-D, Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lino2023development,

title = {Development of a QCM-based biosensor for the detection of non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers in liquid biopsies},

author = {Catarina Lino and Sara Barrias and Raquel Chaves and Filomena Adega and José Ramiro Fernandes and Paula Martins-Lopes},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039914023003752},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124624},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-05-04},

urldate = {2023-05-04},

journal = {Talanta},

pages = {124624},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Lung cancer is the main malignant cancer reported worldwide, with one of the lowest survival rates. Deletions in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene are often associated with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a common subtype of lung cancer. The detection of such mutations provides key information for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease; therefore, the early screening of such biomarkers is of vital importance. The need for fast, reliable, and early detection means applied to NSCLC has led to the development of highly sensitive devices that can detect cancer-associated mutations. Such devices, known as biosensors, are a promising alternative to more conventional detection methods and can potentially alter the way cancer is diagnosed and treated. In this study, we report the development of a DNA-based biosensor, namely a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), applied to the detection of NSCLC, from liquid biopsies samples. The detection, as is the case of most DNA biosensors, is based on the hybridization between the NSCLC-specific probe and the sample DNA (containing specific mutations associated with NSCLC). The surface functionalization was performed with a blocking agent (dithiothreitol) and thiolated-ssDNA strands. The biosensor was able to detect specific DNA sequences in both synthetic and real samples. Aspects such as reutilization and regeneration of the QCM electrode were also studied.},

key = {QCM, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, openQCM Q-1, DNA, cancer, biosensor, blood plasma},

keywords = {biosensors, blood plasma, Cancer, DNA, openQCM Q-1, QCM, Quartz Crystal Microbalance},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{lim2023quartz,

title = {Quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensing of proteins using molecularly imprinted polydopamine sensing films: Interplay between protein characteristics and molecular imprinting effect},

author = {Hui Jean Lim and Tridib Saha and Beng Ti Tey and Sunil Kumar Lal and Chien Wei Ooi},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2468023023002742},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.102904},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-04-29},

urldate = {2023-04-29},

journal = {Surfaces and Interfaces},

pages = {102904},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {Biomimetic sensing films based on molecularly imprinted polydopamine (MIPDA) offer a simple, biocompatible, and versatile approach to functionalise quartz crystal microbalance (QCM)-based biosensors for the recognition of target proteins. This study aims to investigate the chemical, morphological, and recognition properties of MIPDA sensing films polymerised on the QCM crystal surface and elucidate the impacts of various parameters on the liquid-phase biosensing behaviour. Pepsin, bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and lysozyme were used as model proteins to study the effect of molecular imprinting and the influence of protein characteristics on the recognition behaviour of MIPDA-functionalised QCM crystals. Analysis of the protein adsorption patterns revealed that the MIPDA film contained heterogeneous binding sites with a dissociation constant in the µM range, showing that the binding affinity of the synthetic sensing film for the target protein was comparable to that of commonly used bioreceptors. In a case study using a pepsin-imprinted MIPDA film, the specific conformation and surface chemistry of the recognition cavities were discovered to promote the binding of pepsin (imprinting factor = 5.78) while simultaneously reducing the nonspecific binding of incompatible proteins on the QCM crystal surface. Protein recognition on MIPDA-functionalised QCM crystals was found to be governed by a combination of nonspecific interactions (e.g., electrostatic and polar interactions) between the proteins and the MIPDA sensing film. The findings indicate that increasing the density of selective recognition cavities in the MIPDA film and optimising the sample pH are key strategies to improve the selectivity and sensitivity for protein biosensing.},

keywords = {molecularly imprinting, openQCM Q-1, polydopamine, proteins, QCM, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, sensing films},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{matsumoto4096144rheology,

title = {Rheology of the Electric Double Layer In Ionic Liquid Solutions: Effects of Ion Concentration and Anion Structures},

author = {Atsushi Matsumoto and Ryota Yoshizawa and Riccardo Funari and Osamu Urakawa and Tadashi Inoue and Amy Q Shen},

url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4096144},

doi = {https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4096144},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-04-28},

urldate = {2022-04-28},

journal = {Available at SSRN 4096144},

abstract = {Ionic liquids (IL) are molten salts with melting temperatures below 100°C. Combined with other unique properties such as high thermal and electrochemical stability, non-volatility and high ionic conductivity, they have been used as electrolytes in batteries and lubricants, where the viscoelasticity of the electric double layer (EDL) plays an important role. Due to the small length scale of EDL thickness, it has been challenging to characterize their viscoelastic properties at nanoscale. Herein, by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), we measure the changes in the resonant frequency and energy dissipation of a gold-coated quartz crystal on which IL solutions are deposited. Since the gold surface of the quartz crystal is negatively charged at an open circuit potential, we can estimate the loss modulus of the EDL near the charged surface through a wave propagation model. Using this approach, we investigate the viscoelastic properties of the EDL formed on the quartz crystal from three ionic liquids with different anions: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Bmim-TFSI); 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Bmim-TfO); 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (Bmim-BF4). We find that the loss modulus of the EDL increases rapidly with increasing ionic liquid concentrations in the low concentration regime, but reaches about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the loss modulus of the bulk solution in the higher concentration regime. This behavior is independent of the type of anions. Our results can provide useful information on the rheological properties of the EDL in IL solutions, optimizing IL-based material design with improved system performances.},

keywords = {Electric Double Layer, Electrostatic Screening, Ionic Liquid, openQCM Q-1, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Rheology, Viscoelastic Properties},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}