Conventional and point-of-care diagnostic tools for dengue virus detection and their possible treatments

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by infection with one of four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) that causes significant morbidity, mortality, and economic costs, especially in developing nations. Dengue fever has surged 30-fold in the previous 50 years, and more than half of the world’s population now lives in DENV-infected areas in more than 100 nations. There are currently a variety of traditional DENV testing methods available; including nonstructural protein (NS1) based antigen testing, IgM/IgG antibody testing, and Polymerase Chain Reaction testing (PCR). New tools are also being developed that can save money and time. These tactics can be utilized in rural and lowincome areas all around the world with great success. In this review, the virus’s structural development is discussed before highlighting contemporary dengue detection strategies and the processes that are being developed or commercialized. The authors also critically reviewed the advanced bio-sensing devices and analyzed the sensitivity of these devices in detecting the DENV-infection. In the event of a repeat or future DENV outbreak, suggestions for enhanced diagnostic tool utilization have also been discussed. The last but not the least, a comprehensive summary of numerous old and recently developed therapeutics has been provided so that the researchers and clinicians may devise appropriate strategies for the timely and effective management of dengue fever.