# Smartphone-based pathogen detection using concurrent monitoring of resonant frequency and optical fluorescence

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- Authors: Hyun Jung Min, Hansel A Mina, Amanda J Deering, Bartek Rajwa, Sungho Shin, Iyll-Joon Doh, J Paul Robinson, Euiwon Bae
- Journal: Sensing for Agriculture and Food Quality and Safety XV
- Year: 2023
- Volume: 12545
- Pages: 81–87
- DOI: 10.1117/12.2665235
- Instrument used: openQCM

## Abstract

Recently, the use of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) as a biosensor for detecting foodborne pathogens by observing changes in resonant frequency has gained popularity. However, conventional detection methods are time-consuming and require expensive equipment and trained personnel. The current trend is toward detection approaches that are quick, portable, and easy to use. In order to address this need, a dual-modality QCM system combining a smartphone, an in-situ fluorescence imaging subsystem, and a flow injection component has been proposed. This system enables a smartphone to receive real-time frequency data via Bluetooth, while a camera detects the presence of bacteria on the quartz crystal surface using a fluorescence-tagged antibody. The fluorescence imaging subsystem utilizes a camera to capture the bacteria fluorescence signal, while the flow injection subsystem employs a mini peristaltic pump and controller to introduce biochemical solutions, antibodies, and bacteria. All components are contained in a 3D cartridge that is portable. FITC images were captured with 5 MHz quartz crystals when the prototype system was tested. The developed QCM biosensor has t

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