# QCM Genosensor for Detection of Golden Mosaic-Resistant Transgenic Common Beans in Non-Amplified Samples

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- Authors: Isabella C. S. Nascimento, Andressa M. Souza, Andrea P. Parente, Edna M. M. Oliveira, Andrea Valdman, Rossana O. M. Folly, Andrea M. Salgado
- Journal: Preprints
- Year: 2026
- DOI: 10.20944/preprints202602.1170.v1
- Instrument used: openQCM 1, openQCM Sensors

## Abstract

A quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensor for the specific detection of the first transgenic
 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar (BRS FC401 RMD) with resistance to bean golden mosaic
 virus (BGMV) was developed. The immobilization chemistry relies on the strong bond between the
 thiolated probe and the gold electrode surface. The probe sequence is internal to a region of the
 BGMV rep gene that was introduced into the common bean genome. The sensor's analytical
 performance was determined using synthetic oligonucleotides. Real samples of transgenic and wild-
 type bean seeds were also tested. Sample pretreatment consisted only of enzymatic fragmentation,
 followed by a thermal denaturation step combined with blocking oligonucleotides. Different
 biosensor regeneration approaches were studied. Immobilization showed good reproducibility
 (CV% of 5.8%). The biosensor proved specific for both synthetic oligonucleotides and non-amplified
 genomic DNA. A linear detection range of 0–1.4 ng/µL was observed, with a detection limit of 0.18
 ng/µL. Three sequential detections were performed without loss of surface activity. The results
 demonstrate the biosensor's potential for direct, real-time, label-free detection of DNA samples for
 field screening of transgenic common bean cultivars.

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