# A quartz crystal microbalance biosensor based on polyethylenimine-modified gold electrode to detect hepatitis B biomarker

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- Authors: Zahra Saffari, Mina Sepahi, Reza Ahangari-Cohan, Mehdi Khoobi, Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard, Amir Ghavidel, Mohammad Reza Aghasadeghi, Dariush Norouzian
- Journal: Analytical Biochemistry
- Year: 2022
- Volume: 661
- Pages: 114981
- DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114981
- Instrument used: openQCM Sensors

## Abstract

Biomarkers-based QCM-biosensors are suitable tools for the label-free detection of infectious diseases. In the current study, a QCM-biosensor was developed for the detection of HBsAg. Briefly, anti-HBsAg antibodies were covalently bound to the primary amines after PEI and thiolated-PEI surface modifications of gold-electrode. After RSM optimization, the statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the immobilization yields of modified layers. Therefore, the PEI-modified QCM-biosensor was selected for further analysis. The PEI-surface was evaluated by FESEM, AFM, ATR-FTIR, and CA measurement. The surface hydrophilicity and its roughness were increased after PEI-coating. Also, FTIR confirmed the PEI-layering on the gold-surface. RSM optimization increased the antibody immobilization yield up to 80%. The QCM-biosensor showed noteworthy results with a wide dynamic range of 1–1 × 103 ng/mL, LOD of 3.14 ng/mL, LOQ of 9.52 ng/mL, and detection capability in human-sera, which were comparable with the ELISA. The mean accuracy of the QCM-biosensor was obtained at 91% when measured by the spike recovery test using human-sera. The biosensor was completely regenerated using 50 mM NaOH and 1% SDS. The benefits provided by the developed biosensor such as broad dynamic range, sensitivity, selectivity, stability, regenerate ability, and low cost suggest its potential application for the non-invasive and timely monitoring of HBV-biomarker.

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